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Detalles
| Tipo de documento | Libro |
|---|---|
| Todos autores / colaboradores: |
Craig Groves; Edward T Game |
| ISBN: | 9781936221516 1936221519 |
| Número OCLC: | 928136727 |
| Descripción: | xxiii, 580 pages : color illustrations, color maps ; 25 cm |
| Contenido: | Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Why, Where, How, and What of Conservation Planning -- Overview -- Topics -- Importance of Conservation Planning -- Why Plan? -- Brief History of Planning for Nature Conservation -- Box 1.1 Values, Science, and Conservation Planning -- Many Forms of Planning for Nature Conservation -- Systematic Conservation Planning -- Strategic Conservation Planning -- Natural Resource Management Planning -- Multiple Use and Multiple Objective Planning -- Ecological Network Planning -- Protected Area Planning -- Climate Adaptation Planning -- Species Conservation Planning -- State Wildlife Action Planning -- Land Use and Related Forms of Local Planning -- National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Planning -- Improving Conservation Planning for Successful Implementation -- How This Book Is Organized -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 2 Getting Started: Foundations, Planning Principles and Standards, and a Road Map to Conservation Planning -- Overview -- Topics -- Planning Context -- Purpose and Scope -- Decisions -- Constraints -- Audience for the Plan -- Level of Investment in Planning -- Building an Effective Planning Team: The Power of a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Principles and Standards for Conservation Planning -- Box 2.1 Miradi -- It's Not Just about Land Conservation: Special Considerations for Planning in Freshwater and Marine Realms -- Road Map for Conservation Planning -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 3 Which Way Paradise? Establishing Objectives -- Overview -- Topics -- Terminology -- Box 3.1 A Rosetta Stone for Fundamental Objectives -- Vision Statement -- Fundamental Objectives -- Ends versus Means -- Why Focus on Fundamental Objectives? -- Box 3.2 Value-Focused Thinking -- Box 3.3 Support for Fundamental Objectives -- Getting to Fundamental Objectives -- Box 3.4 Value Statements -- What Makes a Good Fundamental Objective? -- Challenges in Identifying Fundamental Objectives -- We Care about It All -- How Many Fundamental Objectives Should There Be? -- Distinguishing Types of Objectives -- Process Objectives -- Intermediate Objectives -- Strategic Objectives -- Three Classes of Fundamental Objectives -- Environmental Objectives -- Biodiversity -- Conservation Features -- Categories of Biodiversity Features -- Box 3.5 The Concept of Surrogacy -- Influence of Data Availability on Choice of Conservation Features -- How Many Features Can You Have? -- Species -- Communities and Ecosystems -- Abiotic Units -- Ecological Processes -- Ecosystem Services -- Social and Economic Objectives -- What Social and Economic Objectives Belong in a Conservation Plan? -- Equal or Not? -- Eliciting Social and Economic Objectives -- Communication -- Types of Social and Economic Objectives -- Building a Hierarchy of Social and Economic Objectives -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 4 Making Objectives Measurable: Indicators and Targets -- Overview -- Topics -- Identifying Measurable Indicators -- How Do Indicators Relate to Features? -- What Makes a Good Indicator? -- Natural, Proxy, and Constructed Indicators and Scales -- Box 4.1 Reporting on "True" Conservation Progress -- Targets -- Box 4.2 Trade-Offs or Targets? -- Where Do Targets Come From? -- Convention on Biological Diversity -- Historical Baselines and Naturalness -- Box 4.3 Moving Forward in an Anthropogenic World -- Approaches to Setting Targets -- Species-Area Relationship -- Population Viability Analyses -- Precautionary Principle -- Stakeholder-Established Targets -- Threshold-Based Targets -- Targets for Social and Economic Objectives -- Targets for Economic Activities -- Social Targets -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 5 Harnessing Knowledge: Situation Analysis, Threat Assessment, and Data -- Overview -- Topics -- Situation Analysis and Threat Assessment -- Situation Analysis -- Threat Assessment versus Situation Analysis -- Threat Assessment -- Finding the Source -- Threat Assessment Procedure -- What's Happening in the Future? -- Ranking Threats -- Cumulative Threats -- Data for Conservation Plans -- Data, Data Everywhere and Not a Byte to Use -- How Much Data Do I Need? -- Linking Information Needs to the Question at Hand -- Box 5.1 Gabon: Finding Data Where There Is None -- Box 5.2 Data Management -- Calculating the Value of Information -- Conservation Features -- Species -- Ecological Communities -- Abiotic Feature Data -- Ecosystem Service Data -- Social Data -- Box 5.3 Generating Conservation Features from Abiotic Data -- Box 5.4 Quantitative versus Qualitative Social Data Collection -- Temporal and Spatial Resolution -- Box 5.5 Importance of Considering Spatial Scale in Planning -- Cost Data -- Types of Cost -- Estimating Costs -- Box 5.6 Making Cost Data Comparable -- Are Some Cost Data Better Than No Cost Data? -- Expert Judgment -- Bias-Cognitive and Motivational -- Getting Better Judgments from Experts -- Who Should Be Considered an "Expert"? -- Box 5.7 Delphi Approach to Expert Elicitation -- Four-Point Question -- Don't Ask Too Many Questions -- Traditional Knowledge -- Box 5.8 Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Maps -- Challenges of Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Conservation Planning -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 6 Framing Conservation Planning Problems -- Overview -- Topics -- What Is a Well-Framed Problem? -- Box 6.1 Why Are Conservation Planning Problems Tough? -- Box 6.2 Common Psychological Biases That Influence Conservation Decisions -- Options -- Box 6.3 Developing Options for a Conservation Plan -- Rule: Connect "Where" and "How" by Prioritizing Actions -- Consequences -- Theory of Change and Logic Models -- Predicting Consequences -- General Guidance for Predicting Consequences -- Three Approaches to Predicting Consequences -- Box 6.4 Combining Criteria to Estimate Conservation Benefit -- Important Considerations When Predicting Consequences -- Box 6.5 Should We Protect the Most Vulnerable or the Least Vulnerable? -- Rule: All Plans Should Consider the Consequences for Multiple Objectives -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 7 Solving Conservation Planning Problems: Methods and Tools -- Overview -- Topics -- What Does It Mean to "Solve" a Conservation Planning Problem? -- Generalized Consequence Table Concept -- Dominance -- Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) -- Box 7.1 Basic Elements of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) -- Normalizing Data -- Box 7.2 Example of Spatial MCDA -- Weighting Criteria -- Direct Weighting -- Analytic Hierarchy Process -- Swing Weighting -- What to Do with Weights Once You Have Them -- Sensitivity Analysis -- Return on Investment (ROI) -- Ranking -- ROI with Actions and Locations -- INFFER -- Spatial Prioritization -- General Principles -- Box 7.3 A Two-Minute History of Spatial Prioritization -- Prioritizing Locations for Multiple Actions -- Incorporating Connectivity in Spatial Prioritization -- Connectivity across Realms -- Software -- Marxan with Zones -- Zonation -- Optimization -- Optimization Methods -- Exact Optimization -- Heuristic Optimization -- Optimization Software -- Box 7.4 RobOff -- Rules of Thumb -- Presenting and Navigating Trade-Offs -- Trade-Off Caution -- Choosing the Best Methods and Tools -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 8 Uncertainty and Risk -- Overview -- Topics -- Uncertainty -- Kinds of Uncertainty -- Acknowledging Uncertainty -- Responding to Uncertainty -- Minimize Uncertainty -- Box 8.1 Value of Information -- Compensate -- Live with It-Finding Robust Solutions -- Scenarios and Scenario Analysis -- Scenarios versus Alternatives -- Scenario Analysis -- Box 8.2 Example of Scenario Analysis for Different Energy Management Alternatives -- How Do You Design Scenarios? -- Risk and Risk Assessment -- Dimensions of Risk -- Risk Assessment Process -- Identifying Risks -- Developing Indices of Consequence and Likelihood -- Estimating Risks -- Prioritizing and Responding to Risks -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 9 Moving Beyond Natural: Adapting Conservation Plans to Climate Change -- Overview -- Topics -- Box 9.1 Putting Adaptation Principles into Action for Nature Reserves of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) -- Defining Adaptation and Adaptation-Related Concepts -- Risk and Uncertainty -- Vulnerability Assessments -- Social Adaptation and Vulnerability -- Ecosystem-Based Adaptation -- Scale Considerations -- Resilience -- Incorporating Adaptation into Conservation Planning -- Establishing or Revising Objectives (Chapter 3) -- Box 9.2 Adaptation Planning in Freshwater and Marine Environments -- Selecting Features (Chapter 3) -- Box 9.3 The Climate Clinic -- Situation Analysis and Data (Chapter 5) -- Developing Alternative Options (Chapter 6) -- Box 9.4 Climate Wizard -- Prioritizing and Taking Actions (Chapter 7) -- Considering Uncertainty (Chapter 8) -- Monitoring, Evaluating, and Revising (Chapter 12) -- Strategic Adaptation Approaches -- Improving Connectivity -- Box 9.5 Improving Connectivity in Vernal Pools, New Jersey, USA -- Identifying and Protecting Refugia -- Expanding Protected and Conservation Area Networks -- Conserving the Stage-Conserving Land Facets -- Assisted Migration-Managed Relocation -- Improving Ecosystem Function and Process -- Box 9.6 Key Questions for Considering Assisted Colonization or Managed Relocations as an Adaptation Strategy -- Reducing Non-Climate Stressors Note continued: Box 9.7 Beavers as Adaptation Agents -- Getting Over the Adaptation Hurdles -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 10 Planning for Ecosystem Services: Building a Bridge to Human Well-Being -- Overview -- Topics -- Box 10.1 Ecosystem Services and Planning in the U.S. Forest Service and Federal Government -- Classifying Ecosystem Services -- Mapping Ecosystem Services -- Box 10.2 Using InVEST to Help Develop an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan in Belize -- Valuation of Ecosystem Services -- Box 10.3 Mapping ES Supplies, Flows, and Beneficiaries-An Example from the Puget Sound, USA -- Planning Steps for Ecosystem Services -- Step 1: Establishing Objectives and Conservation Features (Chapter 3) -- Step 2: Situation Analysis and Data (Chapter 5) -- Step 3: Framing and Solving Conservation Planning Problems (Chapters 6-7) -- Step 4: Solving Conservation Planning Problems (Chapter 7) -- Step 5: Assessing Risk and Uncertainty (Chapter 8) -- Other Side of the Story: Critiques and Integration -- Lessons Learned -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 11 From Planning to Action and Communication: The Art of Implementation -- Overview -- Topics -- Implementation-Influencing Conservation Decisions -- Table of Contents -- Box 11.1 Proposed Table of Contents for a Conservation Plan -- Figuring Out What to Do When-Work Planning -- Ensuring That Resources Are Sufficient: Budgeting and Fund-Raising -- Staying on Track and Getting the Plan Done: Project Management -- Box 11.2 Project Management Basics -- Challenges of Implementation -- Lessons Learned in Successfully Implementing and Managing Conservation Projects -- Box 11.3 A Conservation Planning Success Story-Marine Protected Area Network in North-Central California -- Three Implementation Approaches for Greater Conservation Impact -- Box 11.4 Management of Danish Forests -- Systemic Impact for Conservation-Leveraging and Scaling Up -- Hitting Nature's Sweet Spot-Integrating Conservation Planning with Land Use and Landscape Planning -- Being Opportunistic -- Moving from Regional Assessments and Plans to Local Actions -- Strategic Communication for Implementation -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 12 Monitoring and Evaluation for Conservation Impact -- Overview -- Topics -- Approaches to Monitoring and Evaluation -- Box 12.1 Commonly Used Terms in Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) -- Adaptive Management -- Developing a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Program -- Steps in Monitoring and Evaluation -- A. Defining the Key Audiences -- B. Making Investment Choices -- Box 12.2 A Cost-Effective Monitoring Program -- Box 12.3 Using Systematic Monitoring to Evaluate and Adapt Management of a Tiger Reserve in Northern Lao PDR -- C. Selecting Indicators -- D. Designing a Monitoring Program and Analyzing Monitoring Data -- Box 12.4 Recommended Reference Books and Publications on Designing Monitoring Programs -- E. Adjusting and Improving -- Learning -- Getting Over the Hurdles -- Ask Management Relevant Questions -- Engage Leadership -- Peer Review -- Don't Reinvent the Wheel -- Better Communicate the Benefits -- Make Smart Investment Choices -- Key Messages -- References -- ch. 13 Epilogue: Weaving Together the Futures of Conservation Planning and Nature Conservation -- Overview -- Topics -- References. |
| Responsabilidad: | Craig R. Groves, Edward T. Game. |
Resumen:
In a world of finite resources and complex environmental problems, we are faced with tough choices. Conservation Planning brings academic rigor to a pragmatic guidebook on making informed decisions about the way we navigate our relationship with the natural world. The authors draw on their extensive “hands-on” experience to provide an essential resource for practitioners, students, or researchers of conservation, natural resource management, or landscape planning and architecture.
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